_Imām Ibn Qudāmah -rahimahullāh-_
Said:
Know verily that, sins are divided into that which has to do with the rights of people and that which comes between a servant and His lord.
However, that which has to do with the rights of people are more severe and dangerous, and as for that which is between a servant and His Lord, then there is more hope of it being overlooked and pardoned by Allāh, except if it is shirk and the person didn’t repent before the death rattle, for Allāh will never forgive such act.
And also, sins can be categorized into two broad classes: The minor sins and the Major sins, and there are different opinions among ulama regarding the number of the major sins, and Ahādīth also differs concerning that.
However, the authentic Ahādīth regarding the major sins are mainly five:
1). The Hadīth of Abū Hurairah Radiyallāhu anhu, that the Prophet salallāhu ‘alayhi wasallam said:
_Avoid the seven great destructive sins.” They asked: “O the Messenger of Allāh: What are they?” He said, “To join partners in worship with Allāh; to practice sorcery; to kill the life which Allāh has forbidden except for a just cause (according to Islamic law); to eat up usury (Riba), to eat up the property of an orphan; to give one’s back to the enemy and fleeing from the battlefield at the time of fighting and to accuse chaste women who never even think of anything touching her chastity and are good believers._
Transmitted by Imām Al-Bukhārī#6857.
2). The Hadīth of Ibn Mas’ūd Radiyallāhu anhu, that the Prophet salallāhu ‘alayhi wasallam was asked regarding the greatest sins in the sight of Allāh?
_He said: That you ascribe a partner unto Allāh though He alone created you, I said, that’s indeed a major sin. I then asked, what is next?’ He said: To kill your son lest he should share your food with you.’ I asked, What is next?’ He said, ‘To commit illegal sexual intercourse with the wife of your neighbor.”_
Transmitted by Al-Bukhārī#4761.
3). The Hadīth of ‘Abdullāhi Ibn ‘Amru Radiyallāhu anhumah, that the Messenger salallāhu ‘alayhi wasallam said:
_The Major sins are: To ascribe others in worship with Allāh, and to be undutiful to one’s parents._
Transmitted by Al-Bukhārī#6675.
4). The Hadīth of Anas Ibn Mālik Radiyallāhu anhu who said: The Messenger salallāhu ‘alayhi wasallam said:
_Shall I inform you of the greatest of the major sins? That is the forged statement or the false witness._
Transmitted by Al-Bukhārī#5977.
5). The Hadīth of Abī Bakrah Radiyallāhu anhu who said the Messenger salallāhu ‘alayhi wasallam said:
_The biggest of the major sins are: To ascribe others in worship with Allāh, to be undutiful to one’s parents. The prophet then sat up after he had been reclining( on a pillow) and said, ” And I warn you against giving a false witness, and he kept on repeating that warning until we wished he would stop saying it._
Transmitted by Al-Bukhārī#5976.
That said: The ‘Ulama upheld different opinions regarding the exact number of the major sins, and the Ahādīth on the major sins doesn’t show its exact number, and may be the Shāri’ Has made it unknown so that people will fear sins generally.
But, it is known from the Ahādīth the essence of major sins, and the most grievous sin amongst the major sins.
Allāhu A’alam! Bārakallāhu fīkum!
*2nd Ramadān,1439H.*
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