_Imām Ibn Qudāmah Al-Maqdisi -rahimahullāh-_
Said:
*THE PERMISSIBILITY OF BACKBITING UNDER CERTAIN SITUATIONS.*
Know verily that, backbiting is forbidden in the sharia except in six situation.
*1.* Complaining.
It is permissible for the one who is oppressed to complain to a ruler or a judge or any other people who can be able to obtain his right from the oppressor.
*2.* Seeking help to change evil, and bringing back the oppressor to the right manhaj. In this case, one can say to the person who has the ability to correct the oppressor; “so and so person is doing so so and so so act, pls tell him to stop it.”
*3.* Seeking a Fatwa, like saying to a mufti: So and so person has wronged me, or seized my right, how can I obtain my right from him? Mentioning the person’s name in this case is permissible but using indirect description is better and beloved, like saying: Oh Ya Shaykh! What can you say about a man that was oppressed by his father or brother? And the likes.
And the evidence for mentioning name is the hadith of Hind radiyallāhu anha where she says:
_إن أبا سفيان رجل شحيح_
_Verily, Abu sufyān is a stingy person_
Transmitted by Imām#2211.
Here, the Messenger(ﷺ) didn’t make inkār on her.
*4.* Warning the Muslims against a fāsiq or mubtadí because one fears he might cause harm to others. Thus, one should hasten to uncover his situation to the Muslims so that proper precaution will be taken. Likewise, if one is aware of someone who has stolen a certain goods, it is permissible for one to inform the buyer.
And also, in what has do with marriage and giving witness, it is permissible for one say all what one’s knows about the person as a form of sincere advice not with the aim of spreading evil.
*5.* For identification. If one is known by a nickname such as the dim-sighted one, or the blind one, there is no offence in mentioning that for identification not a way of belittling. But if such a person can be identified through another means, it is better and beloved to use the other means.
*6.* If a person openly commits evil or follows bid’ah.
*22th Jumādā Al-ūlā, 1438H.*
Allāhu A’alam! Bārakallāhu fīkum!
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